Understanding doctors’ experiences of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the UK

Published 6 February 2025

Why did we commission this research?

In 2023–24, we supported the Alan Turing Institute to survey doctors on their perceptions of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This research showed that over a quarter of respondents had used some form of AI in their practice in the last 12 months. Most respondents had positive perceptions of AI, and those who use AI were more likely to view it favourably. The research also showed doctors were uncertain about the risks and their professional responsibilities when using AI and felt they hadn’t received enough training in this area. 

To explore the themes from the survey further, we commissioned follow-up interviews with some of the respondents who use AI in their practice. The interviews covered topics including how doctors are using AI, risks and professional responsibilities, and education and training needs.

What were the key findings?

  • Doctors who use generative AI generally sought out the technology and worked out how to incorporate it into their professional practice. In contrast, employers often introduced diagnostic and decision support systems.
  • Some doctors do not know if the software they are using can be classified as AI.
  • Doctors believe that generative AI and diagnostic and decision support systems could improve efficiency.
  • Doctors identified a range of risks. These risks include bias, issues with transparency, and concerns about over-reliance in the future. However, they felt confident they could manage and mitigate the risks of using AI in their practice.
  • Those interviewed were confident they understood the professional responsibilities associated with using AI. Doctors saw AI as an assistive tool to their practice and recognised that they were responsible for all decisions informed by AI.
  • Doctors believe there needs to be further education and training on how to use AI and the ethical and security considerations.
  • Respondents also think regulators have an important role. This includes clarifying the responsibilities and risks associated with AI systems. 

What did the research involve?

Doctors from a range of specialities who participated in the Alan Turing Institute survey were interviewed, and all but one still used AI in their practice. The interviews of the 17 doctors involved took place between August and October 2024.

Download the research

Understanding doctors’ experiences of using artificial intelligence (AI) in the UK