Learning materials
Here’s a range of learning materials, like flowcharts and case studies, to help put the principles in our ethical guidance into practice.
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Good medical practice
Good medical practice

Good medical practice in action
Case study
Good medical practice in action is a set of interactive scenarios in which you can follow a patient on his or her journey and decide what the doctor should do.

Trans health
Video
A film with some practical tips on putting our guidance into practice and respecting the rights of trans patients.

Older adults
Video
A film featuring doctor-in-training, Cat Harley's, five top tips for helping older adults feel heard, respected and included in decisions about their care.

Older adults: What do patients think?
Video
A video about what dignity and respect means to patients.

Consensual relationship impacting team opportunities
Case study
Dr Clark is a senior A&E registrar and Teaching Fellow responsible for organising training for junior doctors in the department. She regularly mentors Dr Lee, a foundation doctor. After a period of successful mentoring, Dr Clark and Dr Lee enter a consensual romantic relationship.

Power imbalance in clinical placement
Case study
Sally is a medical student. Her first clinical placement, which is four months long, requires her to live in hospital accommodation at some distance from her home, taking her away from her family, friends and support systems.
Conflicts of interest
Conflicts of interest

Conflicts of interest: Competing interests and incentives
Case study
Read this case study about competing interest and incentives for referrals.

Conflicts of interest: Declaring a conflict of interest
Case study
Read our case study about conflicts of interest and competing participation in the advisory board of a pharmaceutical company.

Conflicts of interest: Payment of fees
Case study
Read this case study about the conflict between the commercial needs of the business and the therapeutic needs of patients.

Conflicts of interest: Making referrals to a colleague
Case study
Read this case study about judgements in making a referral where it may be seen to be influenced by a commercial interest.

Conflicts of interest: NHS referral to private treatment
Case study
Read this case study about a physiotherapist's conflict of interest in providing private care to a patient previously treated through the NHS.

Conflicts of interest: Prescription direction
Case study
A case study about a doctor asked to encourage patients to use a pharmacy her employer has a financial interest in.
Prescribing and remote consultations
Prescribing and remote consultations

Prescribing for patients overseas
Case study
A case study about a 73 year old retired man, going abroad for three months. He visits his GP to ask for extra prescription of Clopidogrel to make sure he has enough medication whilst he's abroad.

Prescribing without access to patient records
Case study
Dr Hafeez is an independent doctor working for the online provider. He doesn’t have access to Aoife’s medical records and asks for consent to contact her local GP. Aoife says she can’t remember the details for her GP and also has concerns about sharing such personal information with a commercial company.

Suitability of mode of consultation
Case study
Dr Douglas telephones his patient, Mei, at the pre-arranged time. They have not spoken before and he realises she is finding it difficult to hear what he is saying. As a result, Mei is not giving him the information he needs in response to questions about her health.

Remote prescribing high level principles
Article
High level principles for good practice in remote consultations and prescribing for all healthcare professionals

Information for doctors on Cannabis-based products for medicinal use (CBPMs)
Question and answer
The government changed the law to allow Cannabis-based products for medicinal use (CBPMs) to be prescribed from 1 November 2018.

Deciding whether to perform a remote consultation
Decision tool
How to weigh up the factors to decide if a remote consultation is appropriate.
Confidentiality
Confidentiality

Confidentiality decision tool
Decision tool
Personal information of patients shouldn't be disclosed unless necessary. This tool can help you decide if things need to be disclosed.

Confidentiality: disagreement with an occupational health report
Case study
Explore a case study on challenges that could be faced when sharing occupational health reports

Confidentiality: Disclosing medical records after death
Case study
Explore our case study about the decision a doctor has to make when asked to disclose the medical records of a deceased patient to her family.

Confidentiality: Sharing information with family members
Case study
Read our case study about a doctor's decision on disclosing information to a parent.

Understanding the new data protection law
News
Five things to know about our Confidentiality guidance and the GDPR

Confidentiality: Sharing information about a patient’s HIV status
Case study
Explore a case study on what to do if a patient doesn’t want details shared with others involved in their care

Confidentiality: Disclosure to the police
Case study
Decide what Dr Peters should do, in our interactive case study, when the police ask for the names of the people that have attended his clinic.

Older adults: Confidentiality and potential abuse of an older adult
Case study
A case study on dealing with issues relating to confidentiality and potential abuse of an older adult.

Confidentiality: Disclosure when a patient has a serious communicable disease
Case study
Choose what Dr Peters should do, in our interactive case study, when a patient talks about having a baby with his partner who unknown to him has HIV.

Confidentiality: Reporting a crime
Case study
Explore our case study about what a doctor did when her phone was stolen by a patient.

Confidentiality: Concerns about a sex offender
Case study
Explore our case study about a doctors duty of confidentiality when she suspects that a patient may not comply with the law.

Protecting children and young people: Parent refuses consent
Case study
Read the first part of our four-part case study about a patient who refuses to allow her daughter to be tested for HIV.

Protecting children and young people: Parent refuses consent
Case study
Read the second part of our four-part case study about a patient who refuses to allow her daughter to be tested for HIV

Protecting children and young people: Parent refuses consent
Case study
Read the third part of our four-part case study about a patient who refuses to allow her daughter to be tested for HIV

Protecting children and young people: Parent refuses consent
Case study
Read the fourth part of our four-part case study about a patient who refuses to allow her daughter to be tested for HIV

Confidentiality: Disclosing information for financial audit purposes
Case study
Explore our case study about a doctor's dilemma when he is unsure if patient's were made aware that they were consenting to their records being released to a third a party

Confidentiality: Disclosing information for tax purposes
Case study
Explore our case study about what information the doctor can disclose, about patients she no longer has contact with, to the HMRC for audit.

Confidentiality: Disclosure for local clinical audit
Case study
Read our case study about what records a doctor can disclose for a local clinical audit

Confidentiality: Using patient information for research purposes
Case study
Find out in a our case study what a doctor has to think about when he needs data from patients for his research.

Confidentiality: Sharing information when a patient has a stab wound
Case study
Decide what the doctor should do in our interactive case study when a patient is admitted with a stab wound.

Confidentiality: Disclosure when there is suspected domestic abuse
Case study
Decide what Dr Gallagher should do, in our interactive case study, when a patient comes in with a fractured arm and Dr Gallagher suspects that there has been domestic abuse.

Confidentiality: Listening to concerns from the patient's family
Case study
Choose what the doctor should do when a patient shares concerns about another patient.

Confidentiality: A colleague's fitness to practise
Case study
Read our case study about a doctors’ duty of confidentiality when the patient is another doctor.

Confidentiality: Sharing information with non-clinical staff
Case study
Read our case study about an anxious patient concerned about information being shared with non-clinical members of the team.

Adult safeguarding: Disclosing evidence of abuse without the patient’s consent
Case study
Read our case study about whether a doctor should disclose evidence of abuse in an older adult without the patient’s consent.

Confidentiality: Disclosure when there is known domestic abuse
Case study
Determine what the doctor should do when a patient confides in you that her partner is violent towards her.
Children and young people
Children and young people

Child protection decision tool
Decision tool
A tool to help identify the steps to take when deciding whether to share information about a child or young person at risk of abuse or neglect.

Protecting children and young people: A parents' lifestyle choice
Case study
Read our case study about a doctor’s responsibility to the children of a patient who has changed their diet.

Protecting children and young people: A parent's lifestyle choice - part two
Case study
Read the second part of the case study about a doctor’s responsibility to the children of a patient who has changed their diet.

Protecting children and young people: Culture and religion
Case study
Explore our case study about a doctors responsibility to a child when the patient's cultural practices may have impacted or caused her injury.

Protecting children and young people: Parental responsibility
Case study
Choose what the doctor should do in the best interest of her five year old patient whose parents disagree about having his ears pinned back.

Protecting children and young people: Protecting children from neglect or abuse
Case study
Choose what the doctor should do when faced with a mother battling drug addiction who is having trouble looking after her five year old son.

Protecting children and young people: Assessing the capacity of a young person facing a terminal illness
Case study
Dr Simpson is responsible for the care and treatment being provided to a young person who is facing a terminal illness.
End of life care
End of life care

End of life care: Talking about end of life care
Video
A video where doctors, patients and carers talk about the effects and decisions around clinically assisted nutrition and hydration.

Information for patients and families
Article
Five things to know about the new CANH guidance from the BMA and RCP

End of life care: Communication in end of life care
Video
Watch our video where patients, carers and doctors discuss their experiences and practices about communication in end of life care.

Older adults: End of life care and clinically assisted nutrition and hydration
Case study
Case study on dealing with issues relating to end of life care and clinically assisted nutrition and hydration in an older person.
Consent and mental capacity
Consent and mental capacity

Discussing the risk of sodium valproate
Case study
Case study of a mother who has been prescribed sodium valproate for years discussing this with a GP, Pharmacist and Nurse.

What is mental capacity?
Video
This video covers what mental capacity is, how can it be assessed, and how our guidance applies.

Blog - Montgomery judgement
Article
Read our blog about the Montgomery judgement by Mary Agnew, Assistant Director of Standards and Guidance

Older adults: Capacity to consent to treatment and care
Case study
Case study on dealing with issues relating to capacity to consent to treatment and care in an older person.

Mental capacity: Support to make end of life care decisions
Case study
Sally has Down’s syndrome and her doctor has concerns about her capacity to consent.

Mental capacity: Supporting patients to make decisions about their care
Case study
A doctor treating a patient with dementia who has made an advance decision to refuse treatment.

Consent: Making decisions when a patient lacks capacity
Case study
Decide what the doctor should do when a patient with limited capacity to make decisions about his care, needs treatment.

Mental capacity: Advance decision to refuse treatment
Case study
A case study about caring for a patient who has made an advance decision to refuse treatment.
Duty of candour
Duty of candour

Duty of candour: Missed diagnosis
Case study
Read about how the duty of candour applies when doctor makes a mistake in diagnosing the severity of an illness

Duty of candour: Radiologist error
Case study
Read our case study about the responsibilities of a doctor is when a patient in his care is misdiagnosed by a colleague.
Raising and acting on concerns
Raising and acting on concerns

Raising concerns: A colleague’s behaviour
Case study
Dr Quinn is a part-time GP and has concerns about the aggressive behaviour of a colleague and effect this is having on patients.

Raising a concern: A colleague’s possible drug addiction
Case study
Dr Hussain is a GP trainee and has concerns about the behaviour of a colleague self-prescribing.

Raising concerns: Whistleblowing
Case study
Dr Ahmed is a senior consultant and has concerns about poor standards of care that go unaddressed.

Raising concerns: A colleague’s underperformance
Case study
Choose what the doctor should do when a colleague's underperformance sparks patient safety concerns.

Raising concerns: Patient safety and putting matters right
Case study
Dr Li is a senior consultant who manages a small team, she faces issues with a member of the team who is persistently late for his shifts.

Raising concerns: Identifying and acting on patient safety concerns
Case study
Dr Doyle is a specialty trainee and becomes aware of an issue where patients are not given adequate information.

Raising concerns: Local incident reporting arrangements
Case study
Dr Baker is concerned there is no provision for formal training of trainee doctors in the use of 2D ultrasound for CVC insertion.

Raising concerns: Reporting near misses
Case study
Dr Bevan is an anaesthetist in an operating theatre and has concerns about a near miss incident with faulty equipment.

Raising concerns: Raising concerns with the right person
Case study
Dr McDonald is a specialty trainee and has concerns about the failure of a colleague to follow hand washing procedures.

Raising concerns: Escalating concerns
Case study
Dr Wilson is a specialty trainee and has concerns about a culture of relying on verbal instructions within a hospital.

Raising concerns: Escalating concerns to a higher level
Case study
Dr Gibbs works as a GP partner and has concerns about shared care protocol on a patient discharged from hospital to his care.

Raising concerns: Escalating patient safety concerns
Case study
Dr Sinclair is an associate specialist and has concerns about the repeated failure to address patient safety concerns.
Raising concerns: Raising a concern with a regulator
Article
This page has the contact details for regulators and organisation offering advice and help with raising a concern.
Raising concerns: Legal protections
Article
Find out about some of the legal protections that you have when raising concerns.

Raising concerns: Escalating concerns within your organisation
Case study
Mrs Donnell is a consultant surgeon and has concerns about low staffing levels, and has difficulty getting her concerns recognised.

Raising concerns: Reporting incidents and raising concerns
Case study
Dr Khan is an associate specialist and has concerns about an incorrectly carried out cannula procedure.

Raising concerns: Routine local incident reporting arrangements
Case study
Dr Wang is concerned about future risks to patients being given out of date drugs.
Learning disabilities
Learning disabilities

Learning disabilities: Limitations of carers
Video
A video about recognising the carer's limitations

Learning disabilities: Patient perspectives
Video
A video on a patient perspectives on what it is like to go to the doctors or hospital when you have a learning disability.

Learning disabilities: Working well with carers
Video
A video about how carers can be a vital source of information for doctors and a useful advocate for some patients

Adult safeguarding: Capacity to manage care
Case study
A case study examining whether a patient with learning disabilities has the capacity to manage their own care and make important decisions.

Adult safeguarding: Capacity to manage care
Case study
Part two of a case-study examining whether a patient with learning disabilities has the capacity to manage their own care and make important decisions

Learning disabilities: Reasonable adjustments
Video
A video explaining why it's important to make 'reasonable adjustments' to accommodate people's individual needs.

Learning disabilities: Attitudes and assumptions
Video
A video about people with a learning disability, featuring Baroness Sheila Hollins, Professor of psychiatry of learning disability.

Learning disabilities: Talking mats
Video
A video covering the usage of 'talking mats' to aid in communicating with people with learning disabilities.

Learning disabilities: Working with carers
Video
This video details the experiences of a doctor who has worked with carers, and been a carer herself.

Learning disabilities: 'Challenging' behaviour is a form of communication
Video
A video examining 'challenging' behaviour.

Learning disabilities: Assessing capacity in a patient with a learning disability
Case study
Choose what the doctor should do when a patient with a severe learning disability needs to be physically examined.
Cosmetic interventions
Cosmetic interventions

Cosmetic interventions: Seeking informed consent when carrying out a cosmetic procedure
Case study
Read our case study about a patient’s consultation, with a patient advisor and a doctor, for breast enlargement surgery

FAQs about cosmetic interventions
Question and answer
Read the frequently asked questions about our cosmetic interventions guidance.

Cosmetic interventions: Discussing the risks of further surgery
Case study
View our case study about a patient who wants further cosmetic surgery against the advice of her GP and the cosmetic surgeon.

Cosmetic interventions: Involving other professionals - psychological wellbeing
Case study
Read our case study about carrying out a cosmetic procedure on a patient with an underlying psychological condition.

Cosmetic interventions: Laser eye surgery and time-limited offers
Case study
Read our case study about laser eye surgery. It contains information on time limited deals, informed consent and giving time to reflect.